Conserving our spectacular, vulnerable coral reefs - Joshua Drew
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0:15 - 0:17Coral reefs are some of the most
spectacular ecosystems -
0:17 - 0:18on the planet.
-
0:18 - 0:20They're also some of the most vulnerable.
-
0:20 - 0:22But how can we protect the reefs
-
0:22 - 0:24and the animals and plants
who rely on them? -
0:24 - 0:25And how can we make sure
-
0:25 - 0:29our protected areas aren't hurting those
who use reefs to survive? -
0:29 - 0:30These are some of the big questions
-
0:30 - 0:32facing marine conservation
biologists today. -
0:32 - 0:34Let's take Fiji, for example.
-
0:34 - 0:36Fiji is series of islands
in the South Pacific Ocean. -
0:36 - 0:39To help balance the need
for conservation and making a living, -
0:39 - 0:42scientists had suggested
that instead of one big park -
0:42 - 0:45which provides a lot of coverage
for one reef system -
0:45 - 0:47while leaving the rest unprotected,
-
0:47 - 0:49a better way is to create
a system of protected areas -
0:49 - 0:52nested together like pearls on a string.
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0:52 - 0:54This idea is called connectivity.
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0:54 - 0:57In this way, scientists can protect
lots of different habitats -
0:57 - 1:00while not excluding people
from their traditional fishing grounds. -
1:00 - 1:03Now, the only way this string-of-pearls
kind of reserve network is going to work -
1:04 - 1:06is if each park is connected
to other parks. -
1:06 - 1:07There are two main benefits to this.
-
1:07 - 1:09First of all, insurance.
-
1:09 - 1:11If something bad happens to one park,
-
1:11 - 1:13say, an oil spill or coral bleaching,
-
1:13 - 1:15then because that park
is part of a system, -
1:15 - 1:18it can be reseeded from other parks
that escaped the event. -
1:18 - 1:20The second benefit is representation.
-
1:20 - 1:22By conserving many different areas,
-
1:22 - 1:25scientists ensure that lots
of different habitats get protected. -
1:25 - 1:28This way, they can make sure
all the different marine habitats in Fiji, -
1:28 - 1:31such as coral reefs,
mangroves, and sea-grass beds, -
1:31 - 1:32are all represented.
-
1:32 - 1:36This way, we don't unduly settle
any particular village or group of people -
1:36 - 1:39with the economic burden of having
their fishing grounds off-limits. -
1:40 - 1:42By sharing the cost
around the communities, -
1:42 - 1:44they can also share the benefits.
-
1:44 - 1:46So if we agree
that rather than one big park, -
1:46 - 1:48we should have lots of parks
-
1:48 - 1:50of different sizes
and covering different habitats, -
1:50 - 1:53then scientists need to make sure
those smaller parks are connected, -
1:53 - 1:56because if they're not,
they probably won't be self-sustaining. -
1:56 - 1:58But how do we know that?
-
1:58 - 2:00That's where genetics and DNA come in.
-
2:00 - 2:02By looking at how closely related
-
2:02 - 2:04the fish in each one
of these small reserves in Fiji -
2:04 - 2:06are to each other,
-
2:06 - 2:07scientists can figure out
-
2:07 - 2:10how much migration is going on
among the reserves within the system. -
2:10 - 2:13Now it's important to look
at a variety of different species -
2:13 - 2:16because there's no guarantee
that what's going on with these guys -
2:16 - 2:18is what's going on with these guys.
-
2:18 - 2:20But if we look closely
and at enough species, -
2:20 - 2:22we can see whether or not
the necklace is working. -
2:22 - 2:25What scientists have found
so far is that, in general, -
2:25 - 2:28there's a fair amount of connectivity
amongst the parks within Fiji. -
2:28 - 2:30But it's not just a big free-for-all;
-
2:30 - 2:32rather, it seems that, for some species,
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2:32 - 2:35babies born in the far west
are having a hard time -
2:35 - 2:37making it to the islands in the far east.
-
2:37 - 2:40To help deal with that,
conservation biologists are suggesting -
2:40 - 2:42that there be enough parks
in both the east and the west -
2:42 - 2:44to keep the populations healthy.
-
2:44 - 2:46This isn't just in Fiji, either.
-
2:46 - 2:48Lessons about reserve connectivity
can help across the world. -
2:48 - 2:51In places like Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
-
2:51 - 2:52and the Bahamas,
-
2:52 - 2:55scientists are using a variety
of tools to help understand -
2:55 - 2:57how individual parks
can function together, -
2:57 - 3:00so that their sum is greater
than their whole. -
3:00 - 3:02And this way, we can keep
the beautiful necklace -
3:02 - 3:04that is our coral reefs, intact.
- Title:
- Conserving our spectacular, vulnerable coral reefs - Joshua Drew
- Description:
-
View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/conserving-our-spectacular-vulnerable-coral-reefs-joshua-drew
How do coral reef conservationists balance the environmental needs of the reefs with locals who need the reefs to survive? Joshua Drew draws on the islands of Fiji and their exemplary system of protection, called "connectivity," which also keep the needs of fishermen in mind.
Lesson by Joshua Drew, animation by Veronica Wallenberg.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TED-Ed
- Duration:
- 03:15
Krystian Aparta commented on English subtitles for Conserving our spectacular, vulnerable coral reefs - Joshua Drew | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for Conserving our spectacular, vulnerable coral reefs - Joshua Drew | ||
Krystian Aparta edited English subtitles for Conserving our spectacular, vulnerable coral reefs - Joshua Drew | ||
Emma Gon accepted English subtitles for Conserving our spectacular, vulnerable coral reefs - Joshua Drew | ||
Emma Gon edited English subtitles for Conserving our spectacular, vulnerable coral reefs - Joshua Drew | ||
Elisabeth Buffard edited English subtitles for Conserving our spectacular, vulnerable coral reefs - Joshua Drew | ||
Bedirhan Cinar approved English subtitles for Conserving our spectacular, vulnerable coral reefs - Joshua Drew | ||
Bedirhan Cinar accepted English subtitles for Conserving our spectacular, vulnerable coral reefs - Joshua Drew |
Krystian Aparta
The English transcript was updated on 5/4/2016.