The beginning of the universe, for beginners - Tom Whyntie
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0:16 - 0:18The universe,
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0:18 - 0:20rather beautiful, isn't it?
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0:21 - 0:23It's quite literally got everything,
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0:23 - 0:24from the very big
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0:24 - 0:26to the very small.
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0:26 - 0:29Sure, there are some less
than savory elements in there, -
0:29 - 0:32but on the whole,
scholars agree that its existence -
0:32 - 0:34is probably a good thing.
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0:35 - 0:39Such a good thing that
an entire field of scientific endeavor -
0:39 - 0:40is devoted to its study.
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0:41 - 0:43This is known as cosmology.
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0:43 - 0:46Cosmologists look
at what's out there in space -
0:46 - 0:50and piece together the tale
of how our universe evolved: -
0:50 - 0:52what it's doing now,
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0:52 - 0:53what it's going to be doing,
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0:53 - 0:56and how it all began in the first place.
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0:56 - 1:00It was Edwin Hubble who first noticed
that our universe is expanding, -
1:00 - 1:04by noting that galaxies seem to be flying
further and further apart. -
1:05 - 1:07This implied that everything
should have started -
1:07 - 1:09with the monumental explosion
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1:09 - 1:10of an infinitely hot,
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1:10 - 1:12infinitely small point.
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1:13 - 1:15This idea was jokingly
referred to at the time -
1:15 - 1:17as the "Big Bang,"
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1:17 - 1:19but as the evidence piled up,
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1:19 - 1:23the notion and the name actually stuck.
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1:23 - 1:24We know that after the Big Bang,
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1:24 - 1:26the universe cooled down
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1:26 - 1:29to form the stars and galaxies
that we see today. -
1:29 - 1:33Cosmologists have plenty of ideas
about how this happened. -
1:33 - 1:36But we can also probe
the origins of the universe -
1:36 - 1:41by recreating the hot, dense conditions
that existed at the beginning of time -
1:41 - 1:42in the laboratory.
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1:43 - 1:45This is done by particle physicists.
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1:47 - 1:48Over the past century,
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1:48 - 1:50particle physicists have been studying
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1:50 - 1:53matter and forces
at higher and higher energies. -
1:54 - 1:56Firstly with cosmic rays,
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1:56 - 1:58and then with particle accelerators,
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1:58 - 2:02machines that smash together
subatomic particles at great energies. -
2:02 - 2:05The greater the energy of the accelerator,
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2:05 - 2:08the further back in time
they can effectively peek. -
2:08 - 2:11Today, things are largely
made up of atoms, -
2:11 - 2:13but hundreds of seconds
after the Big Bang, -
2:13 - 2:17it was too hot for electrons to join
atomic nuclei to make atoms. -
2:18 - 2:22Instead, the universe consisted
of a swirling sea of subatomic matter. -
2:23 - 2:25A few seconds after the Big Bang,
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2:25 - 2:26it was hotter still,
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2:26 - 2:28hot enough to overpower the forces
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2:28 - 2:31that usually hold protons
and neutrons together -
2:31 - 2:32in atomic nuclei.
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2:33 - 2:36Further back, microseconds
after the Big Bang, -
2:36 - 2:37and the protons and neutrons
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2:37 - 2:40were only just beginning
to form from quarks, -
2:40 - 2:42one of the fundamental building blocks
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2:42 - 2:44of the standard model of particle physics.
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2:45 - 2:46Further back still,
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2:46 - 2:49and the energy was too great
even for the quarks to stick together. -
2:50 - 2:53Physicists hope that by going
to even greater energies, -
2:53 - 2:58they can see back to a time
when all the forces were one and the same, -
2:58 - 2:59which would make understanding
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2:59 - 3:01the origins of the universe a lot easier.
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3:02 - 3:05To do that, they'll not only need
to build bigger colliders, -
3:05 - 3:07but also work hard
to combine our knowledge -
3:08 - 3:09of the very, very big
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3:09 - 3:12with the very, very small
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3:12 - 3:14and share these fascinating
insights with each other -
3:14 - 3:16and with, well, you.
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3:17 - 3:19And that's how it should be!
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3:19 - 3:22Because, after all,
when it comes to our universe, -
3:22 - 3:24we're all in this one together.
- Title:
- The beginning of the universe, for beginners - Tom Whyntie
- Speaker:
- Tom Whyntie
- Description:
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View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-beginning-of-the-universe-for-beginners-tom-whyntie
How did the universe begin -- and how is it expanding? CERN physicist Tom Whyntie shows how cosmologists and particle physicists explore these questions by replicating the heat, energy, and activity of the first few seconds of our universe, from right after the Big Bang.
Lesson by Tom Whyntie, animation by Hornet Inc.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TED-Ed
- Duration:
- 03:38
Jessica Ruby edited English subtitles for The beginning of the universe for beginners | ||
Natsuhiko Mizutani commented on English subtitles for The beginning of the universe for beginners | ||
Krystian Aparta edited English subtitles for The beginning of the universe for beginners | ||
Krystian Aparta commented on English subtitles for The beginning of the universe for beginners | ||
Bedirhan Cinar edited English subtitles for The beginning of the universe for beginners | ||
Bedirhan Cinar approved English subtitles for The beginning of the universe for beginners | ||
Bedirhan Cinar approved English subtitles for The beginning of the universe for beginners | ||
Bedirhan Cinar accepted English subtitles for The beginning of the universe for beginners |
Krystian Aparta
The English transcript was updated on 2/13/2015.
Natsuhiko Mizutani
The link to full lesson should be
View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-beginning-of-the-universe-for-beginners-tom-whyntie