Hacking Language Learning: Dr. Conor Quinn at TEDxDirigo
-
0:08 - 0:11A big part of why I work
with endangered languages, -
0:12 - 0:15is because I am myself
a descendant of a speech community -
0:15 - 0:17that even today
is struggling to survive. -
0:17 - 0:18Look at the name over there,
-
0:19 - 0:21you can probably guess
which one it is. -
0:21 - 0:23But, for many of my friends,
-
0:23 - 0:25language loss
is much more immediate, -
0:25 - 0:27much more intense.
-
0:27 - 0:31For them, it's loss of a chunk
of their sovereignty. -
0:31 - 0:33A connection to their past.
-
0:33 - 0:35A connection to their cultural wealth.
-
0:35 - 0:38A grounding in their history.
-
0:38 - 0:42In my work, I've seen
time and time again, -
0:42 - 0:45just how wrenching it can be
-
0:45 - 0:47for parent and child,
-
0:48 - 0:49a grandparent and a grandchild,
-
0:49 - 0:51to become disconnected
in a way that goes -
0:52 - 0:55far beyond any kind
of natural generation gap. -
0:57 - 0:58But even if you care,
-
0:58 - 1:00even if you sympathize,
you may think, -
1:01 - 1:03"Well, endangered languages
just aren't worth saving." -
1:04 - 1:08Because you probably think
they'll cost a fair bit to save. -
1:09 - 1:13Not just money,
but also time, energy and attention. -
1:13 - 1:15And these are things
that're all in short supply these days. -
1:16 - 1:18Especially so for a lot
of these communities, -
1:18 - 1:21which are often faced with
even more immediate, -
1:21 - 1:25even more material challenges.
But what if it cost next to nothing? -
1:26 - 1:28Next to nothing
to learn a new language? -
1:28 - 1:30What if we could radically reduce
-
1:30 - 1:32linguistic entry costs?
-
1:32 - 1:36Well then the arguments
against sustaining linguistic diversity, -
1:36 - 1:38would not sound so reasonable.
-
1:38 - 1:39Because all of us
-
1:39 - 1:41could easily jump
from language to language, -
1:41 - 1:44just to show respect
to our host or our guest. -
1:44 - 1:46Or to enjoy the expressive capacities
-
1:46 - 1:48that this particular language allows us.
-
1:48 - 1:51Or simply because between you and me,
-
1:51 - 1:54this language is the one
I feel the most like home. -
1:54 - 1:56So the obvious question is,
-
1:56 - 1:58how long does it take
to learn a new language? -
1:58 - 1:59Not perfectly,
-
1:59 - 2:01not you know, without a single error,
-
2:01 - 2:04not even fluently, but just enough
to get your foot in the door. -
2:04 - 2:05Enough to get started,
-
2:05 - 2:09to get going, enough to join
that speech community and be part of it. -
2:09 - 2:11Well, in my experience,
-
2:11 - 2:13it's about a week or so.
-
2:13 - 2:14And you know,
-
2:15 - 2:17I was just as shocked
as you to discover this. -
2:17 - 2:22In the summer of 2003,
after just 10 days in Bulgaria -
2:22 - 2:23with my new in-laws,
-
2:23 - 2:25I was able to talk well enough
-
2:25 - 2:27to translate for my sister when she came.
-
2:27 - 2:29And then the same thing happened
again the next summer. -
2:29 - 2:32I went to the Czech Republic
for my cousin's wedding, -
2:32 - 2:35showed up about a week early,
and by the time the wedding rolled around, -
2:35 - 2:38I was just chatting away
with all my new Czech relatives. -
2:38 - 2:42I wasn't fluent and I wasn't flawless
but I was effective. -
2:42 - 2:44Now real fluency, in my experience,
-
2:44 - 2:45does take a long time,
-
2:45 - 2:48does take hanging out
with the speech community. -
2:48 - 2:52But still, just one week and change
-
2:52 - 2:53to get a foot in the door.
-
2:54 - 2:55To be able to party with the chicks.
-
2:55 - 2:57To be able to hang on Bulgarian cafes
-
2:57 - 2:59and order French fries with aplomb.
-
3:00 - 3:02That seemed like an idea worth sharing.
-
3:02 - 3:04Now of course,
I'm a trained field linguist, -
3:05 - 3:07so you probably think,
"You're self selected. -
3:07 - 3:10You've got experience.
You've got talent." Right? -
3:10 - 3:11But when I do it,
-
3:12 - 3:14it doesn't feel at all like talent,
-
3:14 - 3:15and not much like experience either.
-
3:16 - 3:19All it feels like is a really clear
sense of what to do. -
3:19 - 3:22How to handle vocabulary,
pronunciation, grammar, -
3:22 - 3:23and more than anything else,
-
3:23 - 3:26how to make it through any conversation.
-
3:28 - 3:30And this is what I think we're missing
-
3:30 - 3:32when we struggle with languages.
-
3:32 - 3:34When we fall to learn languages.
-
3:34 - 3:36We all get taught languages,
-
3:36 - 3:39but we don't get taught
how to learn languages. -
3:39 - 3:41I've been working on that
for quite some time. -
3:41 - 3:43On how to translate the experience,
-
3:43 - 3:46the skill set of a trained field linguist
into a form that anybody, -
3:46 - 3:48any of you can pick up quickly
-
3:48 - 3:52and use to become active learners,
confident learners, -
3:52 - 3:58who can step right out into the street,
the scary street of real-life language use -
3:59 - 4:00with very little fear.
-
4:01 - 4:02And if we can do this,
-
4:02 - 4:04then it doesn't just change
-
4:04 - 4:06how you and me learn languages,
-
4:06 - 4:08but it also has the potential
to radically reshape -
4:09 - 4:12how linguistic majorities
and linguistic minorities -
4:13 - 4:15can live and work together
in the same world. -
4:15 - 4:18Because now,
separate linguistic traditions -
4:18 - 4:20are no longer communicative obstacles,
-
4:20 - 4:21but actually resources.
-
4:21 - 4:24Social, cultural, intellectual,
-
4:24 - 4:29even emotional resources
that we can all share and enjoy together. -
4:29 - 4:32So, how do we do it?
How do we get that foot in the door? -
4:32 - 4:33At least that foot in the door.
-
4:33 - 4:34First and foremost,
-
4:35 - 4:37what we need to understand
is our own psychology. -
4:37 - 4:40We need to understand that it's the social
and the emotional aspects -
4:40 - 4:42of language learning
that decide everything. -
4:42 - 4:44Because when we first start
to learn a language, -
4:44 - 4:47it's humiliating.
Embarrassing. It's frustrating. -
4:48 - 4:51So this gets you guys all rushing
at the door to go learn a language. -
4:52 - 4:54But this is because as adults,
as teenagers, -
4:54 - 4:58we measure ourselves on how well
we can present ourselves with our words. -
4:58 - 5:00And in a new language
we lose that control, -
5:00 - 5:02and we run screaming away from that.
-
5:02 - 5:03We dodge conversations.
-
5:03 - 5:05We hide on a linguistic sideline.
-
5:05 - 5:08We do anything to avoid
a simple face-to-face conversation, -
5:08 - 5:11which is the one thing, the only thing
that's going to make us better. -
5:11 - 5:15And as English speakers in today's world,
the world is very accommodating of that. -
5:15 - 5:17It makes it very easy for us
-
5:17 - 5:19to indulge in our instinct to just bailout
-
5:19 - 5:22when we get linguistic stage fright.
-
5:22 - 5:23So what do we do?
-
5:23 - 5:25Well, the short answer is,
-
5:25 - 5:27we learn to check our shame at the door.
-
5:28 - 5:30We learn to embrace this loss of control,
-
5:30 - 5:32enjoy the fact that we've been
-
5:32 - 5:33--more or less involuntarily--
-
5:33 - 5:36given a second childhood
in a new language. -
5:36 - 5:37Right?
-
5:40 - 5:41So, if we can do this,
-
5:42 - 5:45then we have learned to shift our job,
-
5:46 - 5:47reframe our job.
-
5:47 - 5:51To not from trying to seek out perfection,
-
5:51 - 5:52not making any mistakes,
-
5:52 - 5:55but instead, just learning to cope well.
-
5:55 - 6:00And the best place to learn
linguistic coping skills -
6:00 - 6:05is through simply learning
how to improvise. -
6:05 - 6:09Learning how to use description,
metaphor, analogy. -
6:09 - 6:11To work around the words
that we don't know. -
6:11 - 6:14So for example, if I don't know
how to say tiger in your language, -
6:14 - 6:19I will say, "It's a thing,
it's like a cat but big and orange, -
6:19 - 6:21and the one behind you
looks a little bit hungry." -
6:22 - 6:23(Laughter)
-
6:23 - 6:25It's these clunky
but effective descriptions -
6:26 - 6:30that actually get us through
any conversation. -
6:31 - 6:33And when we learn
to congratulate ourselves on them, -
6:33 - 6:34when we realize that,
-
6:35 - 6:38"Wow, this person actually
understood what I said," -
6:38 - 6:39then we feel good about ourselves.
-
6:39 - 6:42We find they understood what I said
-
6:42 - 6:43and now, even better,
-
6:43 - 6:45they're telling me how to say it right.
-
6:45 - 6:48That's a language lesson
that we will never ever forget. -
6:48 - 6:50Never.
-
6:50 - 6:52So, there's actually
a second lesson inside this, -
6:53 - 6:55which is that, language
is not all on you. -
6:56 - 6:59When you and I speak together,
we make meaning together. -
6:59 - 7:00So learning to cope well
-
7:00 - 7:03in an another language,
is as much, if not more, -
7:03 - 7:05about learning to lean
on the other person's -
7:05 - 7:07full and complete knowledge
of the language -
7:07 - 7:10and even more
on their willingness to help you -
7:10 - 7:12make this conversation happen.
-
7:13 - 7:17So again,
if we learn to reframe our task, -
7:17 - 7:18reframe our job,
-
7:18 - 7:24as being effective, not perfect,
-
7:24 - 7:27then every conversation stops being
this potential minefield -
7:27 - 7:30of embarrassing mistakes and errors.
-
7:30 - 7:34Instead, it's an exciting place
for us to come back to every time. -
7:34 - 7:35Because you get to be your own MacGyver.
-
7:35 - 7:38You get to rummage around
in your linguistic pockets -
7:38 - 7:40and pull out a toothbrush,
a button and a paperclip, -
7:40 - 7:41and couple that all together
-
7:41 - 7:45and somehow pull off
the communicative job. -
7:45 - 7:46Right?
-
7:46 - 7:48When you feel that thrill
of being a linguistic hero -
7:48 - 7:50time and time again,
-
7:50 - 7:53you come back to conversations,
you seek them out, you want to be there. -
7:53 - 7:57And when you approach
the task like that, well pretty soon, -
7:57 - 7:59you find yourself fairly close to fluent.
-
7:59 - 8:03So that's how we cope
with linguistic stage fright. -
8:03 - 8:05With linguistic performance anxiety.
-
8:05 - 8:08Which is 90% of what holds us back.
-
8:08 - 8:11The only thing left
is of course the language. -
8:11 - 8:13All the pronunciation.
All the grammar. -
8:13 - 8:14All the vocabulary.
-
8:14 - 8:16It's really intimidating,
but mostly because -
8:16 - 8:18we're all trying to juggle it all at once.
-
8:19 - 8:21We've got no way to organize it.
No way to prioritize it. -
8:22 - 8:23There is a way.
-
8:23 - 8:28What we need is a simple,
practical understanding -
8:28 - 8:30of the design features of language.
-
8:30 - 8:32So let me give you
just a brief taste of that. -
8:33 - 8:35Take pronunciation.
-
8:35 - 8:38Anybody can learn to pronounce
any sound in any language of the world. -
8:38 - 8:40Anyone of you. All of you.
-
8:40 - 8:42If you don't believe me,
it's probably because -
8:42 - 8:45you've heard the following phrase,
"Listen and repeat after me." -
8:45 - 8:47That doesn't work. It doesn't work.
-
8:47 - 8:51What does work, is learning
the clear and simple set of instructions -
8:51 - 8:53for how to move your mouth
to make that weird sound. -
8:54 - 8:56After that, all you need
is a little bit of exercise -
8:56 - 8:58to work your mouth
for that oral choreography. -
8:58 - 9:01And very soon you find
that your muscles limber up. -
9:01 - 9:02And what have seemed unfamiliar,
-
9:02 - 9:04unpronounceable, unreachable even,
-
9:05 - 9:07becomes almost as familiar
as every other sound -
9:07 - 9:08you have been saying your whole life.
-
9:09 - 9:10So you don't need any special talent.
-
9:11 - 9:14You don't need
any special ear for language. -
9:14 - 9:15You just don't.
-
9:15 - 9:16But even more importantly,
-
9:16 - 9:20is rhythm and melody.
-
9:20 - 9:23When you go after
the distinct cadence of language. -
9:23 - 9:25When you try to internalize that,
-
9:25 - 9:28that particular languages uses,
-
9:28 - 9:31and use that as the foundation
of your own pronunciation, -
9:31 - 9:35well then, it turns out that
your own words come out fluently. -
9:36 - 9:37They flow in that cadence.
-
9:37 - 9:40The cadence is the current
that carries all your words. -
9:40 - 9:42Even better, when you've internalized it
-
9:42 - 9:44and you're waiting for it, expecting it,
-
9:44 - 9:46then suddenly, something almost
miraculous happens. -
9:46 - 9:48Which is that, native speaker speech
-
9:48 - 9:50suddenly doesn’t seem so fast.
-
9:50 - 9:53Because it's that rhythm and that melody
that actually tells you -
9:53 - 9:55where the words begin and end.
-
9:55 - 9:57So that's pronunciation,
but what about grammar? -
9:58 - 9:59Grammar is terrifying. Right?
-
10:00 - 10:01It's only because we teach grammar
-
10:01 - 10:04as a million little disconnected
arbitrary single rules, -
10:04 - 10:06when in fact grammars
are tiny little ecosystems. -
10:06 - 10:09Every little part
fits into every little part. -
10:09 - 10:11And if we look at those
ecosystems from the top, -
10:11 - 10:13we can see a very helpful simplicity,
-
10:13 - 10:14which is that, all of those rules
-
10:14 - 10:18fall down on one side or the other
of what we do when we talk. -
10:18 - 10:20Which is, we mention general concepts.
-
10:20 - 10:22Things like cat and dog.
-
10:22 - 10:25Events like bite and chase. Right?
-
10:25 - 10:27And then we tie them into
-
10:27 - 10:29the specifics of this conversation.
-
10:29 - 10:30My cat, your dog,
-
10:31 - 10:33that bit me, in yesterday's past tense.
-
10:34 - 10:37It turns out all grammatical rules
actually fall somewhere along the line -
10:37 - 10:40between the general conceptual
and the conversation specific. -
10:40 - 10:43And once you play round
with this idea for a while, -
10:43 - 10:45grammatical rules become
extremely easy to remember. -
10:45 - 10:48Because now you know
where they live in the neighborhood -
10:48 - 10:50and what their relationships
are to their neighbors. -
10:50 - 10:53After that, the only thing
that's left is vocabulary. -
10:54 - 10:56Dictionaries full of all the words
you don't know yet. -
10:56 - 11:00But it turns out, we don't actually need
to know that much vocabulary. -
11:00 - 11:01Because we have our coping skills.
-
11:01 - 11:04We can talk around the words
that we don't know. -
11:04 - 11:08We can listen, from context work out
a lot of the new words we're hearing. -
11:08 - 11:09And when all else fails,
-
11:09 - 11:12now we know we have license
to simply ask for help. -
11:13 - 11:16So what words do we actually
need to learn first? -
11:18 - 11:20The short words.
The small words. -
11:21 - 11:23The little linking words.
"Thing" is one of them. -
11:24 - 11:29The words like: and, or, but, of, the,
who, what, when, where and why. -
11:29 - 11:32Because these'll get you
the most expressive bang for your buck. -
11:32 - 11:36These're the words that'll save you
when you need to deep in the conversation. -
11:36 - 11:38You know exactly what you want to say,
-
11:38 - 11:39then you hit this wall
-
11:39 - 11:42because you realize you've not learned
the word "almost". -
11:42 - 11:44(Laughter)
-
11:44 - 11:46When you focus on those words
from the get-go, -
11:47 - 11:50you find you've the frame,
the outlines of language up and running, -
11:50 - 11:53and then there's only one thing left:
the rest of the language. -
11:53 - 11:56And there's a trick for this.
-
11:56 - 11:58To prioritize the rest of vocabulary,
-
11:58 - 12:00get what you need first,
-
12:00 - 12:03you can start with
the egocentric experience of the body. -
12:03 - 12:05You say okay, my eyes, they see.
-
12:05 - 12:08They see and they look.
My ears, they listen and they hear. -
12:08 - 12:10My hands, they pick up and put down.
-
12:10 - 12:13My mind, it knows, it feels,
it loves, it understands, -
12:13 - 12:15and when it tries to learn a language,
-
12:15 - 12:18sometimes it remembers
and sometimes it forgets. -
12:18 - 12:22When you get these words, these core
verbs of interaction and experience, -
12:22 - 12:25and tie them together
with all those little linking words, -
12:25 - 12:28it's a very small set of vocabulary
that you actually know, -
12:28 - 12:29but it happens to be precisely
-
12:29 - 12:34the set of expressive tools that you need
to make your way through any conversation. -
12:35 - 12:38So, I hope that I have convinced you
-
12:38 - 12:41that this is not just for linguists.
-
12:41 - 12:44Anybody can learn a language.
Anybody can get that foot in the door, -
12:45 - 12:47which is the part that really matters.
-
12:47 - 12:50You can do it. Right here. Right now.
-
12:52 - 12:54All it really takes,
-
12:54 - 12:58is a somewhat better sense
of where our emotions are at. -
12:58 - 13:01Where our heart is at
when we go to learn a language. -
13:01 - 13:03And also a better sense,
-
13:03 - 13:06of how language actually
does fit into our minds. -
13:07 - 13:08And if this is possible
-
13:08 - 13:10it means that joining
a new speech community -
13:10 - 13:11is much easier than you think.
-
13:11 - 13:15That can take a lot of the pressure off
of the people who've been told, -
13:15 - 13:20"You need to abandon your small language
in favor of this big large language." -
13:21 - 13:22But there's more.
-
13:22 - 13:24Every language that I have ever learned,
-
13:24 - 13:27every language
that I even started to learn, -
13:27 - 13:31has radically reshaped
how I look at the world. -
13:31 - 13:33How I deal with people.
-
13:33 - 13:36How I think. And that's lovely.
-
13:36 - 13:39But even more important than that,
are the people that I've met, -
13:39 - 13:41and the ways I've been able to meet them
-
13:42 - 13:43because of learning their language.
-
13:43 - 13:45They have changed my life
-
13:45 - 13:48in more ways that I can even
begin to describe here. -
13:48 - 13:50Up till now, that kind of opportunities
-
13:50 - 13:53only have been available
to trained linguists -
13:53 - 13:56and the occasional genius savant polyglot.
-
13:56 - 14:00But now, we all have the meat.
-
14:00 - 14:03And so there's nothing more
I can say, except, go for it. -
14:03 - 14:04Good luck.
-
14:04 - 14:07(Applause)
- Title:
- Hacking Language Learning: Dr. Conor Quinn at TEDxDirigo
- Description:
-
Do you have some apprehension to start learning a new language? In this talk, Dr. Conor Quinn will attempt to ease your concerns, offering you an out of the box approach to learn a new language.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 14:12
Amaranta Heredia Jaén approved English subtitles for Hacking Language Learning: Dr. Conor Quinn at TEDxDirigo | ||
Amaranta Heredia Jaén edited English subtitles for Hacking Language Learning: Dr. Conor Quinn at TEDxDirigo | ||
Amaranta Heredia Jaén edited English subtitles for Hacking Language Learning: Dr. Conor Quinn at TEDxDirigo | ||
Amaranta Heredia Jaén edited English subtitles for Hacking Language Learning: Dr. Conor Quinn at TEDxDirigo | ||
Chryssa R. Takahashi accepted English subtitles for Hacking Language Learning: Dr. Conor Quinn at TEDxDirigo | ||
Chryssa R. Takahashi commented on English subtitles for Hacking Language Learning: Dr. Conor Quinn at TEDxDirigo | ||
Chryssa R. Takahashi edited English subtitles for Hacking Language Learning: Dr. Conor Quinn at TEDxDirigo | ||
Chryssa R. Takahashi edited English subtitles for Hacking Language Learning: Dr. Conor Quinn at TEDxDirigo |
Camille Martínez
Hi Med--I hate to do this, but I need to ask you to help me out with the times a bit more on these before I do the approval. There are about thirty subtitles in just the first 9 minutes that are over the 21 char/sec mark, and about half of those are at 23char/sec or more. I'm sorry to send it back--I can see that you put in a lot of time on it, but at the same time this is a lot for the final stage person to be doing.
I'm wondering, though--did this talk somehow miss a step, because it looks like you're the only person who worked on it, so maybe it was funneled directly into the approval queue accidentally (Amara-ly?), and missed having a review? We should probably check on that first, just in case. Thanks! Camille
Camille Martínez
Hi Med--I hate to do this, but I need to ask you to help me out with the times a bit more on these before I do the approval. There are about thirty subtitles in just the first 9 minutes that are over the 21 char/sec mark, and about half of those are at 23char/sec or more. I'm sorry to send it back--I can see that you put in a lot of time on it, but at the same time this is a lot for the final stage person to be doing.
I'm wondering, though--did this talk somehow miss a step, because it looks like you're the only person who worked on it, so maybe it was funneled directly into the approval queue accidentally (Amara-ly?), and missed having a review? We should probably check on that first, just in case. Thanks! Camille
Camille Martínez
That was Amara, by the way, who sent the message twice in a row, and then listed them as having been sent 8 minutes apart. :)
Mohand Habchi
Hi Camille,
Yes, for sure, I can adjust the times.
To answer your question, the transcription has actually been reviewed but no change has been made.
Also, there are some words (three) that I couldn't get from the speaker. So I think it would be better that the transcription be reviewed after I have adjusted the times.
For that purpose, could you please asign me this task as a "transcriptor"?
Thanks.
Camille Martínez
Hi Med,
Okay, they're assigning the transcription task back to you, and then I'll do the review. Don't worry about the words you didn't catch--I can figure those out. Also, the reviewer always has some work to do, just like the transcriber and the approver, so don't worry about perfecting every single instance of the timing. I'll take care of my share, but do please try to take care of the major incidences or, if those are the hardest ones, then a good number of the rest. Just let me know in general how things go and if you need help that's fine. Also: I have other tasks that I'm working on, so you certainly don't need to rush this. Thanks for the good communication, and give a holler if you need anything.
-Camille
Mohand Habchi
Hi Camille,
The transcription should be fine now.
Times and speeds have been fixed. Only one sentence remains over the 21 char/sec mark (at 2:31.84). I just wanted to point out that to adjust the speed, I had to use some hacks (Just merge the lines was not enough). So I have used contractions (cuz instead of because, Ex at 10:45.13). Split lines in an alternative way (Ex at 2:28.51). Eliminated repeated verbs in some enumerations (Ex at 4:42.31). Please let me know if those changes are okay?
Thanks for your contribution.
Camille Martínez
Oh, no! Med, I didn't have the 'following' button on, and so I didn't see your comment that this was ready for review until it was too late!! Chryssa got the task the very same day :(
RE: (cuz instead of because, Ex at 10:45.13) It looks like Chryssa changed that, but just for future reference, 'cuz' isn't a contraction, but a shortened and modified, very informal substitute for 'because'. Unless the talk is about modern slang or internet and twitter language, it's waaaaay too informal, and shouldn't be used.
I would have suggested taking it out entirely if the room/timing issue were just impossible to work around, or using [Since] instead.
Good job on your edits, though. He does indeed speak fast. And bountifully.
Chryssa R. Takahashi
Very fast speaker at times...