Mining minerals from seawater
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0:00 - 0:02I collaborate with bacteria.
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0:02 - 0:03And I'm about to show you
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0:03 - 0:06some stop-motion footage that I made recently
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0:06 - 0:08where you'll see bacteria accumulating minerals
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0:08 - 0:09from their environment
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0:09 - 0:11over the period of an hour.
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0:11 - 0:13So what you're seeing here
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0:13 - 0:15is the bacteria metabolizing,
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0:15 - 0:16and as they do so
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0:16 - 0:18they create an electrical charge.
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0:18 - 0:20And this attracts metals
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0:20 - 0:22from their local environment.
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0:22 - 0:25And these metals accumulate as minerals
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0:25 - 0:27on the surface of the bacteria.
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0:27 - 0:29One of the most pervasive problems
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0:29 - 0:31in the world today for people
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0:31 - 0:32is inadequate access
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0:32 - 0:34to clean drinking water.
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0:34 - 0:36And the desalination process
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0:36 - 0:37is one where we take out salts.
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0:37 - 0:40We can use it for drinking and agriculture.
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0:40 - 0:42Removing the salts from water --
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0:42 - 0:43particularly seawater --
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0:43 - 0:45through reverse osmosis
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0:45 - 0:46is a critical technique
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0:46 - 0:50for countries who do not have access to clean drinking water
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0:50 - 0:51around the globe.
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0:51 - 0:52So seawater reverse osmosis
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0:52 - 0:54is a membrane-filtration technology.
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0:54 - 0:57We take the water from the sea
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0:57 - 0:58and we apply pressure.
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0:58 - 1:01And this pressure forces the seawater
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1:01 - 1:03through a membrane.
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1:03 - 1:04This takes energy,
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1:04 - 1:07producing clean water.
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1:07 - 1:10But we're also left with a concentrated salt solution, or brine.
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1:10 - 1:12But the process is very expensive
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1:12 - 1:14and it's cost-prohibitive for many countries around the globe.
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1:14 - 1:16And also, the brine that's produced
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1:16 - 1:19is oftentimes just pumped back out into the sea.
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1:19 - 1:22And this is detrimental to the local ecology
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1:22 - 1:24of the sea area that it's pumped back out into.
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1:24 - 1:26So I work in Singapore at the moment,
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1:26 - 1:29and this is a place that's really a leading place
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1:29 - 1:31for desalination technology.
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1:31 - 1:33And Singapore proposes by 2060
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1:33 - 1:36to produce [900] million liters per day
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1:36 - 1:38of desalinated water.
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1:38 - 1:42But this will produce an equally massive amount
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1:42 - 1:43of desalination brine.
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1:43 - 1:47And this is where my collaboration with bacteria comes into play.
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1:47 - 1:48So what we're doing at the moment
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1:48 - 1:51is we're accumulating metals
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1:51 - 1:53like calcium, potassium and magnesium
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1:53 - 1:55from out of desalination brine.
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1:55 - 1:58And this, in terms of magnesium
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1:58 - 2:00and the amount of water that I just mentioned,
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2:00 - 2:03equates to a $4.5 billion
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2:03 - 2:06mining industry for Singapore --
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2:06 - 2:08a place that doesn't have any natural resources.
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2:08 - 2:11So I'd like you to image a mining industry
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2:11 - 2:13in a way that one hasn't existed before;
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2:13 - 2:15imagine a mining industry
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2:15 - 2:17that doesn't mean defiling the Earth;
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2:17 - 2:19imagine bacteria helping us do this
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2:19 - 2:23by accumulating and precipitating
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2:23 - 2:25and sedimenting minerals
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2:25 - 2:27out of desalination brine.
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2:27 - 2:29And what you can see here
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2:29 - 2:31is the beginning of an industry in a test tube,
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2:31 - 2:34a mining industry that is in harmony with nature.
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2:34 - 2:36Thank you.
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2:36 - 2:39(Applause)
- Title:
- Mining minerals from seawater
- Speaker:
- Damian Palin
- Description:
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The world needs clean water, and more and more, we're pulling it from the oceans, desalinating it, and drinking it. But what to do with the salty brine left behind? In this intriguing short talk, TED Fellow Damian Palin proposes an idea: Mine it for other minerals we need, with the help of some collaborative metal-munching bacteria.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 03:01
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for Mining minerals from seawater | ||
Jenny Zurawell approved English subtitles for Mining minerals from seawater | ||
Morton Bast accepted English subtitles for Mining minerals from seawater | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for Mining minerals from seawater | ||
Timothy Covell added a translation |